This course is designed to critically introduce the complex relationship between the military and politics from a comparative perspective. It systematically examines military-political dynamics in state formation and transformation. The main thesis of this course is that military-political relations have historically been shaped in different contexts, giving rise to diverse

There are many ways to conceptualize democracy. One of our favorites is the one formulated above by Dr. Samsu Rizal Panggabean. The reason is simple: Mr. Rizal’s conceptualization is soberly hopeful. He believes in the superiority of democracy, but he knows full well that if we are ready for democracy,

Over the past three decades, human rights (HAM) issues have become a crucial issue and have received widespread attention from the international community, both academically and in practice. At the academic level, human rights have become the subject of intensive study at several universities and research institutions in many countries