Most economic cooperation through investment and Multinational Enterprises (MNCs) between developed and developing countries occurs under asymmetric conditions. Foreign investment has created a “dependence” in developing countries on the developed countries from which the MNCs originate. This dependency extends beyond economic aspects such as capital, expertise, technology, or market dominance;

Throughout history, international relations have always discussed three conditions, namely; (1) Coexistence; (2) Conflict; and (3) Cooperation. This course aims to introduce students to the basic characteristics of international cooperation and the empirical mechanisms/frameworks that shape international cooperation. International cooperation itself requires facilitation to achieve a level of alignment of

This course aims to introduce students to one of the main areas of study within International Political Economy: international trade. This study is important not only because the practice of international trade is one of the oldest in the history of human civilization, but also because its impact touches various